Group Dynamics Essay

‘Hundreds of fish swimming together is called a school. A pack of foraging baboons is a troupe. A half dozen crows on a telephone wire is a murder. A gam is a group of whales. But what is a collection of human beings called? A group’. (Forsyth, 2006 P.2) A group can consist of two or more people interacting. Bruce Tuckman and Meredith Belbin both devised theories relating to the interactions and dynamics of groups, whilst Tuckman concentrated on the group as a whole, Belbin focused on the roles individuals played within a group. ‘For centuries, sages and scholars have been fascinated by groups – by the way they form, change over time, dissipate unexpectedly, achieve great goals, and sometimes commit great wrongs’ (Forsyth, 2006 P.2) While roots of group dynamics go back to the late 1800s, group dynamics gained prominence as a field of study in the early 1940s. ‘During World War II, Americans needed a better understanding of how democratic organi zations could be made to function more effectively.’ (Levine, R. Rodreges, A. Zelezny, L. 2008 p.1). Tuckman believed that a group moved through several stages which he referred to as; forming, storming, norming, performing and adjourning. Forming, he felt, was the initial founding of the group when there was a high dependence on a leader for guidance and direction, whereas storming was the period of adjusting and adapting to group roles and dynamics where team members vie for position as they attempt to establish themselves in relation to other team members, the norming stage he believed was when everyone had found their place within the group, which was when performing would start to happen and lastly adjourning, when the group finally disseminated. Whereas, Belbin focused on each individual within a group/team and the role they played ‘A team is not a bunch of people with job titles, but a congregation of individuals, each of whom has a role which is understood by other members. Members of a team seek out certain roles and they perform most effectively in the ones that are most natural to them’(Belbin, 2014, p1). Belbin believed that there were nine role types spilt into 3 categories- cerebral, action orientated and people orientated. In the first category he placed plant, specialist and monitor evaluator. In the second category he placed implementer, shaper  and completer finisher and in the last category he grouped team-worker, co-ordinator and resource investigator believing that each person in the group would fit into or identify with one or more roles. He devised ‘The Belbin Test’ in which is a series of statements grouped into categories and a points system which will determine which of the nine role types people doing the test would fit into. When completing ‘The Belbin Test’ myself, using the two groups I am apart of (the larger counselling group and the small research group that we were split into for this units task) I emerged as a ME (Monitor Evaluator). According to Belbin the characteristics for this role are; sober, unemotional and prudent and I would definitely agree with prudent and sober however, I would strongly disagree with unemotional although, I do feel that in certain situations I can separate emotion, behaviour and so I can stand back from raw emotion. They are slow deciders who weigh up the pros and cons of options which describe me very well. He talks about the strengths of a Monitor Evaluator’s strengths as being- judgment, discretion and hard-headedness, the latter, in regards to me, I would disagree with. Belbin also thought that their allowable weaknesses were, lack of inspiration or the ability to motivate others, which I feel from doing the research task I have learnt about myself. Whereas, in Tuckman’s ‘Teamwork Survey’ our research group scored as follows; 23 froming,20 storming, 16 norming and 19 performing, which according to Tuckman our team is still in the forming stage but he felt that if the scores were all fairly lose together then the group has no clear perception of the way the team operates. Judging by this I would say that from my perspective that Tuckman is correct because I feel that we weren’t a team at all, we didn’t really work together. One contributing factor I feel was that one member of our group was absent for the first session and was also absent for the first part of the following session and another member of the group went for a short break leaving two of us to discuss what we were going to do. I felt at this point that w e were wasting valuable time because decisions couldn’t be made without others present. There was no plan or real discussion, the most vocal of our group decided what she was going to do and asked if there were any objections and I had already analysed where my strengths lay and decided to voice that opinion too and although another member also expressed an interest, I decided that I would prudently push for  the task of designing the PowerPoint slides. On reflection, when the names were being drawn out of a hat in order to decide on members for the research groups, I felt fairly nervous because there were two members of the group that, given a choice, I wouldn’t have chosen to work with, one because I have had the least social interaction with so far and the other because I find her slightly overbearing in her demeanour, although I do feel that her manner maybe due to insecurity rather than disrespect. There are many different types of groups, such as planned groups, which are deliberately formed, concocted groups i.e. military units or sports teams, founded g roups- for instance, study groups or clubs, emergent groups such as smoking groups, circumstantial groups for example audiences or crowds and self-organising groups for instance, regular customers in a bar or friendship cliques in the workplace. Groups can be brought together for many different reasons which can be split into four categories, intimacy groups (families), task groups (teams), weak associations (crowds) and social categories (women or doctors etc.) There are thirteen people in our student group, comprising of eleven females and two males and the one thing we all have in common is our goal of reaching the end of the two year course which will enable us to work as qualified counsellors. There are also many other similarities but there are also many differences. In therapy ‘early forms of group work were pioneered by Moreno with psychodrama, by Lewin through his invention of T-groups’ and by Bion in his psychoanalytic groups.’ (McLeod 1993, p.445) Carl Rogers coined the term, ‘The Basic Encounter’ Group to identify groups that operated on the principles of the person-centred approach. ‘The Basic Encounter Group is quite unique and, in fact, offers a different paradigm for gro up therapy.’ (The Basic Encounter Group 2014) And in 1968 Carl Rogers, along with Richard Farson, took part in a touching documentary/film of an encounter group, in which eight strangers were brought together in a room and permitted to explore their inner thoughts feeling openly which was facilitated by Rogers and Farson. After watching the video and order to get a flavour of how it felt to be a part of an encounter group, our counselling group set up an encounter group session where anyone could offer a thought or feeling they had about an issue that they didn’t mind disclosing to the rest of the group and other members could join in or just observe. For me it felt both heart-warming  and frustrating. Heart-warming because it felt as if there was a collective consciousness and genuine warmth towards each other, however there were times when I felt as if a few people were starting to give advice which I found frustrating because I felt as if they were trying to rescue people instead of listening without judgment. Although there are many advantages of working in groups therapeutically, such as, a feeling of shared experiences and unity, a sense of support and social aspects (meeting new people) there are also disadvantages such as, issues around confidentiality, concerns around emotions or people getting out of hand and feelings for some people of vulnerability amongst others. In the large counselling group, although I would describe myself as an introvert I don’t feel that I am too quiet and I wouldn’t describe myself as shy I feel that I contribute to the group and I definitely feel as if I am an fundamental member of the group. If I were to analyse my role(s) within the group according to Belbin, I would say that I am ‘Monitor Evaluator’ and a ‘Team Worker’ because I weigh things up before making a decision and look at all the options and I am interested in other peoples point of view as well as trying hard to be as versatile as possible but the down side to that is that I find it hard to motivate others and have great difficulty making a quick decision. However, in the research group I feel that I did take more of a dominant role because there was no natural leader/organiser so after realising that I just naturally started to make suggestions and ask opinions. In my opinion I would agree with my results (when doing the Belbin test) of Monitor Evaluator and if I had to guess at the roles the other three members of our research group according to this test, I would say that LK was an ‘Implementer’ because she was disciplined, reliable, conservative and efficient but DJ played the role of ‘Team Worker’ because he was co-operative, mild perceptive and diplomatic, whereas LE’s role, in my opinion, was ‘Resource Investigator’ because she is extrovert, enthusiastic and communicative. The presentation I felt came together fairly well, although I feel it could have been more of a success if we had had more time for the group to develop and had discussed equally and openly our thoughts and feelings about the task ahead. Personally I felt that we wasted valuable time and avoided issues that may have caused conflict. Our group researched German-American psychologist Kurt Lewin who set up a Research  Cent re for Group Dynamics (RCGD) in the late 1930’s and 1940’s. The RCGD revitalized the empirical approach and, more important, created one that was different from anything in the past and that still defines the best of the field today’ (Levine, R. Rodreges, A. Zelezny, L. 2008). Our presentation mainly focused on his ‘Three Stage Model’ for change. Lewin recognised a ‘need to provide a process whereby the members could be engaged in and committed to changing their behaviour’ (Lewin, 2004 p. 983) His three stage process for change comprised of the principle of unfreezing, changing and refreezing. Using the analogy of an ice-cube, the first step is to unfreeze/melt the cube, the second stage is to change the shape of the liquid and the third stage was to refreeze it into a different shape. He believed that if there was good communication, rumours were dispelled, everyone was included and by praising people’s efforts, change could occur but it would take time. I like this model of change because I can relate to it and I have recently had experience of such a change because the school that I work in has just (on June 1st) become an academy. In conclusion, I feel that I identified mostly with Belbin’s theory of roles people play within groups because the results from the Belbin test, for me, fitted very well with how I worked within our research group, however, having frequently worked with groups of young people, I know that Tuckman’s theory can be useful in determining where a group is at in terms of effective performance and it would have been valuable in our research group if we had had more time to develop as a group. Lewin’s three stage model I feel would be effective when working in a team/company although I got a sense of how it worked within our whole counselling group when unforeseen circumstances meant that the group had to get used to a new tutor and teaching style.

Coast4Life Inc.

This report outlines the strategic options available to Coast4Life for the upcoming fiscal year. Through my research, I have identified the current situational analysis that is necessary to be considered for the options that will be provided in this report. Current situational analysis: Vision: Coast4Life cruise will be the first choice for vacationers who are seeking a safe, enjoyable and unique cruise experience in the northeastern Pacific Ocean. Mission: Coast4Life meets the needs of vacationers by offering safe, enjoyable and unique cruises along BC coast at affordable prices and at a high quality of service.Coast4Life strives to minimize the safety effects of cruising on ecology and maximize the safety of customers, staff and marine life by ensuring ships are well maintained and environmental and safety regulations are exceeded. Preferences: The Board of Directors(BOD) preference is to be profitable and maintain a positive net income in light of upcoming economic downturn. The G eneral Manager of the Fraser dry dock believes it defines the reputation on BC Coast for Coast4Life safety. Constraints: Cash available on hand is $10,461,000 and an after tax rate of return on 16%.Key Success Factors: Coast4life cruises wants to provide high quality services to the passengers. Refer to the passenger/crew ratio in comparison to industry averages(see Appendix 3-1). Current Financial Analysis(See Appendix 1- Financial Ratios): Ongoing increase to Coast4life’s abilities to meet its short-term obligations. In light of the slight increase of acquiring additional assets, our revenue streams still continues to outmatch this on a steady basis; however, the incremental revenue is declining with each year.Our service offerings grow; generating incremental income each year; nevertheless, Coast Native and Natural Splendour gross margin’s are the same, and each offers different services. Company’s ability to cover interest is growing over the years, and our debts are declining. Coast4Life’s ability to convert investments into profit has increased. Strategic Options: To cut costs. Option#1: Divesture of the Fraser dry dock Pro(s): Gain on sale of $7,274,000; in favour of BOD preferences and in line of providing the necessary funds to maintain incremental financial targets for upcoming economic downturn(see Appendix 3- 2).Con(s): Against general manager’s preference, as can affect the reputation of the company – the quality of safety regulations the company adheres to. Option #2: Registering Coast4Life’s ships in Liberia Pro(s): Wages&Salaries will be cut by 30%; In favour of BOD’s preference to cut costs – $1,423,530 would be saved by outsourcing from Liberia(see Appendix #3- 3). Con(s): Affect quality of service provided by the crew; be against the mission statement Hiring unskilled labour can potentially increase management expenses(Additional Training).Minor options: For materiality purposes with respect to revenue sources the following are minor options to generate additional revenue: Option #1: Switching customer target markets Pro(s): By targeting 40-60 year olds, revenue streams will increase by 20%, which could also increase all financial ratios by the same rate and, thus be in line with the vision statement. This target group can afford a more unique experience given industry annual family income of $78,000. For ages 40 -60 Industry is higher by 8% so we have space to grow and target this age group (see Appendix 3-4). Con(s):By changing target there is no guarantee that revenues will be maintained throughout the downturn in the following fiscal year even with growth in tourism industry in Canada. Option #2: Implement a web-based booking system Pro(s): Can potentially save the company up to $1,341,250 [($2,146,000Ãâ€"10% reduction)/16% after tax rate of return] in travel agent commissions over the life of the company and assist in further increasing the companyâ⠂¬â„¢s activity ratio Can be paid off in less than 4 months. The payback formula proves that no cash is needed to be spent, as through the incremental savings this investment will be recouped(see Appendix 3-5).Cons: Decrease word of mouth advertising via travel agents. Increase global competition due to the online presence. Recommendation Given the uncertain future ahead, it is best to be conservative and in line with the current mission statement for company objectives. It would be best that Fraser dock would be divested and web-based booking system would be implemented. This would cut costs and increase revenues via savings that can be earned without risking the reputation of the company or established revenue stream. With this consideration, the company will still have enough resources to maintain its financial position.

The Survival of the American Dream in Arthur Miller’s...

The term, â€Å"American Dream,† came from American historian James Truslow Adams who first used the term in his published book, â€Å"The Epic of America.† According to Adam himself, he believes that the American Dream is the â€Å"dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement† (Amadeo). The term has been used differently in today’s society and recalls it as maturing, getting married with the love of your life, having a beautiful home, and positioning in a good paying job to provide for your kids. Others say that the dream is to have a better life and do what you love. Either way, it all boggles down to just being happy. The â€Å"American Dream† became widely†¦show more content†¦Ever since Biff walked into the affair between Willy and â€Å"The Woman†, Biff hasn’t been able to speak and look at his father the same; this causes Willy to think that Biff hates him. Also, Willy could still be upset about how he may ruined Biff’s chance of going to summer school for his failing subject. From there, Biff could’ve gone to college and become more successful than his father. Willy becomes happier when Biff attempts to talk to Bill Oliver because he wants him to be the successful man that he could’ve been before. Through the character of Biff Loman, Miller illustrates the survival of the American Dream. The dream is cultivated in Biff as seen in his personal happiness. Biff was becoming this person Willy wanted him to be; he was â€Å"well-liked† and a kleptomaniac because he wanted to make his father happy. He always went by what his father told him to do until when Biff walked into the affair between Willy and â€Å"The Woman.† This was Biff’s turning point; he realized that his father was a â€Å"phony liar† and didn’t want to be like him (1321). He was devastated from this event which led him to give up on going to summer school. From there, Biff left the family and began his independent life to work for â€Å"twenty or thirty different kinds of jobs.† He felt that all of them turned out the same until he began working on farms in Nebraska, North Dakota, Arizona, and Texas;Show MoreRelatedMarxism In Arthur Millers Death Of A Salesman1465 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman, Willy Lowman sought to attain the American Dream, but his distorted view of Marxist control ultimately provoked his physical, material, and mental destruction. Lowman, a middle-class salesman, husband, and father of two shared the ideology of many American’s, an ideology that hard work, dedication, and likeability was attainable regardless of social class, or life circumstances. Yet, the multiple distortions Willy associated with this dream combined withRead More Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman is A Modern Tragedy Essay1044 Words   |  5 PagesArthur Millers Death of a Salesman is A Modern Tragedy  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      In the fourth century B.C., Aristotle set forth his description of dramatic tragedy, and for centuries after, tragedy continued to be defined by his basic observations. It was not until the modern age that playwrights began to deviate somewhat from the basic tenets of Aristotelian tragedy and, in doing so, began to create plays more recognizable to the common people and, thereby, less traditional. Even so, upon examinationRead MoreDeath of a Salesman - Materialism Alienation1696 Words   |  7 Pagesconsumerism, procrastination and alienation. To what extent does Death of a Salesman show evidence of at least two of these issues, and how does Miller present them? Arthur Miller’s ‘Death of a Salesman’ is a modern tragedy; one that incorporates both the tragic genre presented in theatres for centuries as well as essences of the modern world we live in. Materialism is a modern phenomenon, something which possibly began due to the American Dream – an idea which is heavily criticised through implicationsRead More The Tragedy of EveryMan in Death of a Salesman Essay1663 Words   |  7 PagesEveryMan in Death of a Salesman      Ã‚   Will you take that phony dream and burn it before something happens? I dont say hes a great man. Willy Loman never made a lot of money; his name was never in the paper; hes not the finest character that ever lived. But hes a human being, and a terrible thing is happening to him. So attention must be paid ... Attention, attention, must be finally paid to such a person. from Death of a Salesman    Only in America. The American Dream. Much isRead MoreThe American Dream734 Words   |  3 PagesIn Arthur Miller’s play, Death of a Salesman he critiques the American Dream. He has previously discussed how it has changed through time and demonstrates its effects in the play. Author Miller uses lies to prevail his message of how the classic American Dream has been tainted. According to Arthur Miller, the American dream has changed drastically throughout time. It began in 1620 with the Mayflower Compact. It originally was about survival but after more than a century and the Declaration ofRead MoreSusan Glaspell, And Death Of A Salesman793 Words   |  4 Pagesrelationships is the ability of the couples to handle conflict† (Snyder 10). Resolving conflict, or not can be vital for the fifty-fifty survival rate of marriages. In the two plays, Trifles by Susan Glaspell, and Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller. Both actors have a great background of literature, Glaspell an American Pulitzer Prize-winner, playwright, novelist, and Arthur Miller who also was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Drama. Withal plays can relate in ways to different gender conflicts, and theRead More Comparing the American Dream in Millers Death of a Salesman and Hansberrys A Raisin in the Sun3400 Words   |  14 PagesComparing the Destructive American Dream in Millers Death o f a Salesman and Hansberrys A Raisin in the Sun America is a land of dreamers. From the time of the Spanish conquistadors coming in search of gold and everlasting youth, there has been a mystique about the land to which Amerigo Vespucci gave his name. To the Puritans who settled its northeast, it was to be the site of their â€Å"city upon a hill† (Winthrop 2). They gave their home the name New England, to signify their hope for aRead MoreSister Carrie and the American Dream1618 Words   |  7 PagesThe American Dream is surely based on the concept of â€Å"Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness† but it is above all, a matter of ambition. James Truslow Adams, an American writer and historian, in 1931 states: life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement†, which not only points towards a better standard of living for Americans but also denounces a degree of greed in the US society. Ambition not only â€Å"killed the cat† butRead MoreEssay on Father and Son in The Road and The Pursuit of Happyness13 80 Words   |  6 Pagesfather and son will rely on each other in order to survive the struggles of their everyday lives. Cormac McCarthy’s The Road and Gabriele Muccino’s The Pursuit of Happyness both depict a story between a father and son using each other as a means of survival when faced with adversity. When placed in a tough situation father and son must create a symbiotic relationship in order to survive. Upon the duo of father and son can creating a symbiotic relationship, it will result in a mutual dependency on eachRead MoreEssay on Death of a Salesman and Street Car Named Desire4007 Words   |  17 PagesBiff: â€Å"will you take that phony dream and burn it before something happens† Compare how the authors of Death of a salesman and â€Å"street car named desire explore the conflict between truth and illusion Truth and illusion are utilized in Tennessee Williams â€Å"Streetcar Named Desire† and Arthur Millers â€Å"Death of a salesman† through the use of the character; to lead the reader to a possible conclusion on the beliefs that went into the American dream that prompted people to work hard was that america

Competitive Strategies and Government Policies Paper on...

Competitive Strategies and Government Policies Paper on Wal-Mart ECO/365 University of Phoenix Week 5, Learning Team Assignment March 18, 2013 Management has recognized the effect of changes in the real-world competitive environment and government policies on other industries and anticipates similar events occurring in their industry, so they ask you for a report considering the following points. Write 1,400 – 1,750-word paper of no more than in which you describe how each of the following are or potentially will affect your industry or one with which you are familiar: †¢ New companies entering the market, mergers, and globalization, on pricing and the sustainability of profits: Identify the type of merger activity in your†¦show more content†¦Wal-Mart continues to expand their brand name to maintain the iron fist hold on the market they currently dominate. These generic brands allow Wal-Mart to cut prices and offer many goods lower than their competitors. Wal-Mart has announced expanding its generic line by approximately 80 new products, boasting that the products are an average of 40% lower than popular brands. Wal-Mart like other large retailers has to abide to tax laws and regulation set in place by the government. Wal-Mart like any other company has regulations to follow such as the antitrust laws. Antitrust policy is the government’s policy toward the competitive process (). Where the government may intervene is say if Wal-Mart was merging with a company, and it was taking a complete strong hold on the market giving it t he ability to fluctuate prices as high as may want to. Still being able to retain consumers even at such a high price and they can do nothing about it. Antitrust regulation can prevent a company like Wal-Mart from doing so. The specific law is the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 designed to regulate the competitive process. Wal-Mart biggest externality from opening a store in a small town can undermine the town centers and replace them with commercial sprawl on the outskirts of these towns (). If these externalities are a reason to limit Wal-Mart’s aggressive pricing policies is a debatable question (). An externality is theShow MoreRelatedWal Mart s Corporate Administration1709 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction:- Wal-Mart is one of the biggest retail location in the United States, and it is bigger than some other retail network on the planet. At present Wal-Mart works in excess of 4,150 retail offices all inclusive. Likewise, the organization is the prevailing retail locatio n in Canada, Mexico, and the United Kingdom . As indicated by the Fortune 500 record of the wealthiest and most capable organizations on the planet, Wal-Mart holds the most obvious spot, positioned by its aggregate dealsRead MoreWalmart Management1714 Words   |  7 PagesManagement Paper on Walmart Wal-Mart Stores: Managing Diverse Organizations By Angela L. Farrish Webster University Ms. Amy Thenor December 2011 Wal-Mart In 1970, Sam Walton the founder of Wal-Mart implemented an extremely significant warehouse distribution system. This new system evolved into Wal-Mart Stores Inc. and in that same year the company was publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange. The company began to expand extremely rapidlyRead MoreWal-Mart Case Review2117 Words   |  9 PagesAlfie(ZHEN) Zhang Wal-Mart Case study Background Sustainability standards for supplier Wal-Mart disclosed its sustainability standard to all Wal-Mart suppliers in the world in 2008. It requires Wal-Mart Supplier take more environmental and social responsibilities. To do so, in order to maintain its competitive quality image of Wal-Mart products. With growth slows down in U.S, Wal-Mart focus on expansion in the world, especially in China. Executive Summery Wal-Mart Company Strategy â€Å"Save peopleRead MoreEconomic Final Project Paper3299 Words   |  14 PagesRunning Head: ECONOMIC FINAL PROJECT PAPER Economic Final Project Paper University of Phoenix ECO/372-Principles of Macroeconomics Professor Wawa Ngenge March 23, 2009 Economic Final Project Paper The current economy has hurt many retail businesses. Every month another retail giant closes its doors. Retail stores which we never would have imagined have gone bankrupt. Retail sales have declined greatlyRead MoreWal-Mart: Success in Marketing3019 Words   |  13 PagesAs an avid shopper and consumer that frequents Wal-Mart, I chose to do my paper on the Wal-Mart Corporation to explore their marketing strategies and their efforts to compete in today s economy. Our economy, which is characterized by sophisticated technology and global communication, demands a great deal from organizations that intend to remain competitive. Wal-Mart Corporation does not just compete in their field, they dominate it. Wal-Mart, which was founded in 1962 by Sam Walton, is theRead MoreSwot Analysis : Target Corporation956 Words   |  4 Pages Introduction This paper seeks to describe the Target Corporation, how it carries out its business activities, the products and services offered by the company. The main contents of this paper will be a summary of the business, the market, and the industry. Items to include in this section will be a comprehensive SWOT analysis, a developed marketing environment analysis, and an evaluation of the business’s primary customers, the marketing mix, and an outline of company’s main competitors. TargetRead MoreGm591 Walmart -Project Paper3562 Words   |  15 PagesImproving Wal-Mart’s Employee Relations GM591: Leadership and Organizational Behavior April 20, 2010 INTRODUCTION The Organization that we selected as our topic of discussion in our Project Paper is the Wal-Mart Corporation. Sam Walton is the founder of Wal-Mart. He opened his first store called Wal-Mart Discount City in Rogers, Arkansas in July of 1962. Their corporate office is currently located in Bentonville, Arkansas. Wal-Mart Stores Inc. incorporated its stores onRead MoreWal-Mart China Analysis3304 Words   |  14 Pagescorporation were entered, e.g. Carrefour, Tesco and Wal-mart. Now the Wal-mart has become one of the very important supermarkets in Chinese supermarket sector. This assignment is intends to offer the evaluation for the business and performance of Wal-mart in China in terms of PEST and SWOT models, with critical discussion on the choosing and using of those two analytical models, so that provide the critical analysis and related recommendation to Wal-mart’s strategy in China. Critical evaluation of PEST andRead MoreAnalysis of Wal-Mart’s Competitive Advantages in International Expansion and Problems7313 Words   |  30 PagesAnalysis of Wal-Mart’s Competitive Advantages in International Expansion and Problems 1. Introduction 1. General information of Wal-Mart The first opening of Wal-Mart Stores was founded by American retail legend Sam Walton in Rogers, Arkansas in 1962. On Oct. 31st, 1969, the stores were incorporated as world famous Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. Almost forty-four years later, Wal-Mart served more than 176 million customers per week, and became No. 1 retailer in the United States. And, it is now theRead MoreWalmart vs Carrefour26545 Words   |  107 PagesA Comparative Study of Strategies Adopted by Wal-Mart and Carrefour in China: A Resource-Based Perspective By Yue, LIU September 2007 Acknowledgements I appreciate my dissertation supervisor Dr Wang, for his continuous patience, support, guidance and constructive comment throughout the period of my dissertation. I would like to thank the professors and lectures from whom I learned a lot throughout my master year. I also would like to show my gratitude to Nottingham University Business

Mass Incarceration The Color Of Justice Essay - 1352 Words

Mass Incarceration: The Color of Justice (DRAFT) Racial discrimination in the United States has been a radical issue plaguing African Americans from as early as slavery to the more liberal society we see today. Slavery is one of the oldest forms of oppression against African Americans. Slaves were brought in from Africa at increasingly high numbers to do the so-called dirty work or manual labor of their white owners. Many years later, after the abolishment of slavery came the Jim Crow era. In the 1880s, acts known as the Jim Crow laws were enacted by Southern states to keep oppression of African Americans alive. These laws helped to legalize segregation between blacks and whites. Slavery and Jim Crow were created to regulate how African Americans functioned in society. Slaves were refused the right to vote, refused citizenship, refused education, and labeled as incompetent as a way for whites to keep what Author Michelle Alexander of the book The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness calls â€Å"social cont rol†. Alexander argues that mass incarceration is the new modern â€Å"racial caste system† of social control. She further goes on to claim that this new system of mass incarceration has replaced the old social systems that were used to oppress African Americans such as slavery and Jim Crow. The system of mass incarceration fueled by the War on Drugs was established as a form of racial control. This new system puts people of color into an endless cycle ofShow MoreRelatedThe New Jim Crow : Mass Incarceration1199 Words   |  5 PagesImagine if someone was able to change others perceptions on the American criminal justice system? Michelle Alexander was able to accomplish that by altering some people s entire perception on the American criminal justice system by focusing on our most pressing civil right issues of our time for some of those who did read her book The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration In The Age of Colorblindness. Michelle Alexander stated that The most despi sed in America is not gays, transgenders, nor even illegalRead MoreMass Incarceration In Michelle Alexanders The New Jim Crow Laws1083 Words   |  5 Pagesargued that today’s mass incarceration is the new Jim Crow. Michelle Alexander, an associate professor of law at Ohio State University, outlines her argument for how she came to see the United States legal system as a system of racialized social control in her book The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness. She argues that mass incarceration is a type of racial caste system similar to Jim Crow, the â€Å"war on drugs† is the greatest contribution to mass incarceration, and much of theRead MoreIs The Mass Incarceration Of Blacks The New Jim Crow?1540 Words   |  7 PagesIs the Mass Incarceration of Blacks the new Jim Crow? American has a legacy of the mistreatment and disenfranchisement of African Americans. The same bad treatment that many think only took place in the past is in fact still intact, it’s just presented in a new way. The mass incarceration of blacks in the Unites States can be attributed to the â€Å"racial hierarchy† that has always existed. The U.S contributes to about 5% of the worlds overall population, and about 25% of the worlds prison populationRead MoreMass Incarceration Is Defined As The Substantial Increase1072 Words   |  5 PagesMass incarceration is defined as the substantial increase in the number of Americans, particularly men of color, imprisoned within the last forty years. Despite its intentions to serve justice, the system is flawed; the physical freedom, possessions, and educational/career opportunities for inmates are limited during and after imprisonment. Lockeian ideology provides insight into how our criminal justice system has come to operate in this way. In John Locke’s Second Treatise of Government, LockeRead MoreThe New Jim Crow : Mass Incarceration819 Words   |  4 PagesIn her book The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness (2012), Michelle Alexander empathizes on the issues of the complex of criminal justice systems which has a significant impact on people of color as The New Jim Crow. She also attaches significant to the racial dimensions of the â€Å"War on Drugs† because the convictions for drug offenses are only the most important cause of the explosion in incarceration rates in the United States. This argues that federal drug policy inequityRead MoreBeverly Daniel Tatum Describes Racism As A System Of Advantage1485 Words   |  6 Pagesvarious ways. In other words, blacks are considered less intelligent than whites. The incarceration rates have grown tremendously since the last time someone can remember. The largest jailer in the world is the United States. Philadelphia, however, has the nation’s highest incarceration rates. Surprisingly, 60% of them are still awaiting trial but 72% of them are black. Research has show’s that mass incarceration rates goes hand in hand with segregated cities. In â€Å"The City: Prison’s Grip on BlackRead MoreMichelle Alexander Mass Incarceration1601 Words   |  7 Pagesand legal scholar. In recent years, she has taught at a number of universities, including Stanford Law School, where she was an associate professor of law and directed the Civil Rights Clinics. Alexander published the book  The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness. In it, she argues that systemic racial discrimination in the  United States  has resumed following the  Civil Rights Movements gains; the resumption is embedded in the US  War on Drugs  and other governmental policiesRead More The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness, by Michelle Alexander1182 Words   |  5 PagesThe New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness is a book by Michelle Alexander, a civil rights litigator and legal scholar. The book discusses race-related issues specific to African-American males and mass inca rceration in the United States. Michelle Alexander (2010) argues that despite the old Jim Crow is death, does not necessarily means the end of racial caste (p.21). In her book â€Å"The New Jim Crow†, Alexander describes a set of practices and social discourses that serve toRead MoreThe New Jim Crow Review600 Words   |  3 Pages The New Jim Crow Review I agree with Michelle Alexander on her view of mass incarceration, as well as the new racial caste system that has evolved in the United States. She states that, â€Å"we have not ended racial caste in America, we have merely redesigned it†. After reading her book The New Jim Crow, her point of view on the age of colorblindness is extremely bold. Over time, it has developed into many forms. The racial systems have evolved from exploitation, to subordination, to marginalizationRead MoreAnalysis Of The Oresteia Trilogy762 Words   |  4 Pagespebble that represents the â€Å"guilt† (Aeschylus 21) of Orestes and a white pebble that represents the innocence of Orestes. In literature it is historically noted that the color black is used to symbolize evil or death, whereas, the color white is historically symbolized as purity, goodness, and life. The systemic colorism of people of color, particularly the Black body, continues to be prevalent not only in literature, but in m odern American history and political system. In early August of 2017, a protest

Calpurnias Character in To Kill a Mockingbird free essay sample

Question 3: Calpurnia is the African-American cook and housekeeper for the Finches. She acts as a mother figure and disciplinarian in the Finch household. In some ways, she even takes the place of Scout and Jems dead mother. Atticus trusts Calpurnia, relies on her for support raising his children, and considers her as part of the family. Calpurnias characters towards the children make them close to her. She is a loving and caring person. In this novel, Calpurnias loving character makes the children comfortable with her. Their mother died when Scout was only two and Jem was four years older than her. Therefore, they are lack of mothers love. As the nanny for the children, she treats them like her own children. She really takes care about them. For instance, Atticus said to Aunt Alexandra that l dont think the childrenVe suffered one bit from her having brought them up. We will write a custom essay sample on Calpurnias Character in To Kill a Mockingbird or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If anything shes been harder on them in some ways than a mother would have been. Shes never let them get away with anything, shes never indulged them the way most colored nurses do. This reflects that Calpurnia care for the children as a mother should be. On the other hands, she is also a responsible person as a nanny and a part of Atticuss family. She always thinks that it is her responsibility to take a good care towards the children. She never omits the children and let them without any supervision. As the evidence, l dont want anybody sayin I dont look after my children. Besides, she always advises the children to behave in a good manner. As example, she asked Scout to respect Walter Cunningham when they are having dinner with him. For instance, Hush your mouth! Dont matter who they are, anybody sets foot in this houses yo compny, and dont you let me catch you remarking on their ways like you was so high and mighty! Other than that, she is also a strict person. For example, She tried to bring them up according to her lights, and Cals lights are pretty good-and another thing, the children love her. However, the children feel comfortable with her even though they have to obey her rules. Besides being a responsible mother, she also showed as someone who is protective. She always protects the children in whatever situation. She has never let the children be in danger. For instance, she protects the children when the mad dog came. Calpurnia stared, then grabbed us by the shoulders and ran us home. She shut the wood door behind us, went to the telephone and shouted, Gimme Mr,Finchs office! Moreover, she defends the children when Lula tries to provoke the children in the blacks church. She told Lula that, Theys my compny. This shows that she treat the children like her own family. Black community are always been consider as uneducated people. However, Calpurnia is different compared to them. She is an educated person. She can write anybodys in Maycomb. Atticus said Calpurnia had more education than most colored folks. Apart from that, she can speak with a good English language and also colloquial language. In the Finchs house she speaks the very correct English of an ducated person but at church she converses in her friends dialect so they will not feel she is trying to act superior to them. Calpurnias characters help Atticus a lot in managing the family. She is a protective like a father, loving and caring as a mother and educated like a teacher, which mean a lot to the children. Scout and Jem learnt many things from her for becoming a good human being. In a nutshell, Calpurnia deserve a good treatment from the family. She has done a good Job to rise up the children. The children have grown to be a better person because of her although they do not have a mother.

Spear Fishing Essay Research Paper Cause or free essay sample

Spear Fishing Essay, Research Paper Cause or Consequence Spear Fishing Free honkytonk lance fishing is a really gratifying athletics. This great out-of-door athletics is a perfect manner to maintain the organic structure really healthy. It can consequence the organic structure in many positive ways. It works as a great cardiovascular exercising ; a great manner to alleviate emphasis ; and a delightful manner to acquire the proper foods the organic structure needs to remain healthy. The first consequence that free honkytonk lance fishing has on the organic structure is the manner it allows the organic structure to remain in form with its demanding cardiovascular work out. Spear fishing requires the fisherman to travel and run for the fish. To make this the fisherman must come in the H2O and swim to where the fish are most abundant. The swimming technique used for spear fishing is a modified free manner swim. The custodies and weaponries are non used for swimming, there primary aim is to keep the spear gun or Hawaiian sling. We will write a custom essay sample on Spear Fishing Essay Research Paper Cause or or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The legs power the move during the swim. Swimming is a known exercising that improves the bosom, lungs and musculuss. The bosom receives a great exercise. As the bosom rate goes up the bosom pumps more blood to the organic structure leting more O to make the cells bring forthing healthier cell tissue. The lungs besides get a great exercise. As the fisherman swims, the lungs are being used to there fullest. Heavy external respiration and expiring causes the organic structure to derive more air current, which builds endurance and staying power. This procedure of utilizing the bosom and lungs improves the full circulatory system. The musculuss besides gain a batch through swimming. The organic structure is utilizing a batch of musculuss during the swim. The musculuss are invariably being used leting them to go tone. Swimming is known to fire up to 300 Calories an hr. The 2nd consequence that spear fishing can hold on the organic structure is that it is a great emphasis stand-in. Spear fishing can be a really beautiful loosen uping athletics. The submerged universe is a really beautiful creative activity. The ocean has many things to see and research. During a hunting experience a fisherman may meet many different types of fish or stones. Sing such beautiful things that are non normally viewed on a regular footing can be really honoring. Bing abl vitamin E to see a rare colourful tropical fish or a beautiful bright orange coral reef can convey a enormous sum of exhilaration and felicity to the fisherman. The escapade of hunting and catching fish gives the organic structure an adrenalin haste and a sense of achievement. The great feelings the organic structure brushs while spear angling gives the organic structure a beginning of relaxation. It allows the head to bury about all the nerve-racking things in life and dressed ore on the more beautiful things. The 3rd consequence that spear fishing can hold on the organic structure is how the fish that are caught give the organic structure the proper foods it needs to remain healthy. A fish falls under the meat group in the basic nutrition guidelines. It contains a great sum of foods the organic structure requires. Fish are a great beginning of protein. Protein is one of the most of import elements used by the organic structure to maintain good wellness and verve. All the tissue, castanetss, and nervousnesss are made up of largely protein. It contains a major beginning of constructing stuff for the musculuss, blood, tegument, hair, nails, and internal variety meats. Without protein the organic structure would go really ill and weak. Fish besides contain many other vitamins and minerals. Take pink salmon for blink of an eyes. It contains non merely the extremely needed protein it contains vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, nicotinic acid and Ca. These foods are besides needed by the organic structure to stay healthy. Fish contain small to no fat which means that eating fish is a really healthy manner to devour the proper sums of nutrition the organic structure needs. The organic structure is a really of import component in an person? s life. It can consequence the person in many different ways. If the organic structure is weak and ill so the individual likely won? T be excessively outgoing and energetic. But if the organic structure is strong and healthy so that person will be more likely to populate an adventuresome and energetic life. Keeping a tantrum and healthy organic structure isn? t difficult to make. There are many ways to accomplish this end. By eating the right nutrients and exerting on a regular footing the organic structure can stay in good wellness. Spear fishing is an adventuresome manner to acquire a cardiovascular work out ; alleviate emphasis ; and have a really healthy dish to eat. 321